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Robotics · pilot · updated 31 Oct 2026

Humanoid robots and industrial robots: prices, makers and who installs them

Robots are where AI meets factory hardware. This page tracks how many robots each country installs, how automated its factories are, and what the main makers in Japan, China, Korea and Europe report. For engineers, operators, buyers, consultants and investors. Every figure is dated and linked to its source.

Key takeaways

  • China installs more industrial robots than the rest of the world combined, per the IFR.
  • About 7,000 full-size humanoid robots were sold worldwide in 2025, per the IFR.
  • The cheapest humanoid with a maker list price is the Unitree R1, from US$4,900.
  • Tesla and Boston Dynamics do not publish a price you can order at.

603,307

Industrial robots installed worldwide in 2025, up 11% (previous record 552,946 in 2022)

Source: International Federation of Robotics: Executive Summary, World Robotics 2026 Industrial Robots (PDF) (opens in a new tab)

5,079,078

Industrial robots in operation worldwide at the end of 2025, up 9%

Source: International Federation of Robotics: Executive Summary, World Robotics 2026 Industrial Robots (PDF) (opens in a new tab)

US$18.6bn

Market value of industrial robot installations in 2025, up 11% (robots only, not whole systems)

Source: International Federation of Robotics: Executive Summary, World Robotics 2026 Industrial Robots (PDF) (opens in a new tab)

Emerging coverage area

Why robotics is on CoolPower Index

Robotics connects AI intelligence with physical machines, creating new demand for compute, chips, power and infrastructure. We track it alongside AI news, data centres by region and investment, with the same rule: every figure dated and sourced.

Robotics connects AI with physical machines, which adds demand for compute, chips, power and cooling. Each step links to the suppliers we profile, with our count of supplier profiles.

  1. Robots and humanoidsMakers and what they report
  2. AI chips15 supplier profilesTraining and inference silicon
  3. Compute in data centresWhere the capacity is being built
  4. Power16 supplier profilesUPS and power distribution
  5. Cooling32 supplier profilesCoolant distribution and liquid cooling

Robotics in brief

  • Factories worldwide installed 603,307 industrial robots in 2025, up 11% and a record, and the number in operation passed five million (5,079,078), according to the International Federation of Robotics (IFR).
  • China installed 354,226 of them (59% of the world total). Chinese brands supplied about 195,000, or 55% of China's own market. The United States (38,428) moved ahead of Japan (36,219) into second place.
  • IFR forecasts 655,000 installations in 2026 and 806,000 in 2029 (forecasts).
  • Humanoids are still early: IFR counts about 7,000 full-size humanoids sold worldwide in 2025 and says most remain prototypes or pilots. Company figures from UBTech (921 units sold in the first half of 2026) and Unitree (more than 5,500 humanoids shipped in 2025) are company statements.
  • Japan's FANUC and Yaskawa both reported faster growth in factory automation and motion control (servos, drives, CNC) than in finished robot arms in their latest half-year results.
How to read these figures
IFR statistic
From the International Federation of Robotics' World Robotics reports, based on data from robot suppliers and national robot associations.
Filed
From a company's results filing or stock exchange announcement for a stated period.
Company statement
What a company says about its own products, sales or plans. Not independently checked.
Target
A company's goal for a future date. It may not be met.
Forecast
A projection, here by the IFR. It can change.
Reported
A figure from a news or trade publication that we could not yet check against the original.
Units
Robot counts are units installed in a year or in operation at year end. Company results are in their own currency and financial year. Yen, renminbi and dollars are never added together.

Industrial robot installations by country

Industrial robots installed in 2025, top markets (units), interactive

Korea and Germany are given by the IFR as rounded figures (about 30,000 and fewer than 25,000), shown here as about 30,000 and about 25,000. Hover or tap a bar for the figure.

Source: International Federation of Robotics: Five Million Robots now Operate in Factories Globally (World Robotics 2026) (opens in a new tab) Published 24 Sept 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

Show the data as a table
CountryInstalled in 2025
China354,226
United States38,428
Japan36,219
Rep. of Koreaabout 30,000
Germanyfewer than 25,000
Indiaalmost 10,500
Show the static chart and the world figures
Industrial robots installed in 2025, top markets (units)
China354,226United States38,428Japan36,219Rep. of Koreaabout 30,000Germanyfewer than 25,000Indiaalmost 10,500

Korea and Germany are given by the IFR as rounded figures (about 30,000 and fewer than 25,000), shown here as about 30,000 and about 25,000.

Source: International Federation of Robotics: Five Million Robots now Operate in Factories Globally (World Robotics 2026) (opens in a new tab) Published 24 Sept 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

FigureWhat it measuresTypeYearSource
603,307 unitsIndustrial robots installed worldwide in 2025, up 11% (previous record 552,946 in 2022)IFR statistic2025International Federation of Robotics: Executive Summary, World Robotics 2026 Industrial Robots (PDF) (opens in a new tab) Published 24 Sept 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.
5,079,078 unitsIndustrial robots in operation worldwide at the end of 2025, up 9%IFR statistic2025International Federation of Robotics: Executive Summary, World Robotics 2026 Industrial Robots (PDF) (opens in a new tab) Published 24 Sept 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.
US$18.6bnMarket value of industrial robot installations in 2025, up 11% (robots only, not whole systems)IFR statistic2025International Federation of Robotics: Executive Summary, World Robotics 2026 Industrial Robots (PDF) (opens in a new tab) Published 24 Sept 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.
457,315 units (76%)Installations in Asia in 2025, up 14%IFR statistic2025International Federation of Robotics: Executive Summary, World Robotics 2026 Industrial Robots (PDF) (opens in a new tab) Published 24 Sept 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.
73,054 unitsInstallations in Europe in 2025, down 14%IFR statistic2025International Federation of Robotics: Executive Summary, World Robotics 2026 Industrial Robots (PDF) (opens in a new tab) Published 24 Sept 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.
57,044 unitsInstallations in the Americas in 2025, up 14%IFR statistic2025International Federation of Robotics: Executive Summary, World Robotics 2026 Industrial Robots (PDF) (opens in a new tab) Published 24 Sept 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.
about 195,000 units (55%)Robots installed in China by Chinese suppliers in 2025, up 15%; their share of China's market was 57% in 2024IFR statistic2025International Federation of Robotics: Five Million Robots now Operate in Factories Globally (World Robotics 2026) (opens in a new tab) Published 24 Sept 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.
655,000 unitsWorldwide installations forecast for 2026, up 9%Forecast2026International Federation of Robotics: Executive Summary, World Robotics 2026 Industrial Robots (PDF) (opens in a new tab) Published 24 Sept 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.
806,000 unitsWorldwide installations forecast for 2029 (about 7% a year from 2026)Forecast2029International Federation of Robotics: Executive Summary, World Robotics 2026 Industrial Robots (PDF) (opens in a new tab) Published 24 Sept 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.
more than 6 million unitsRobots in operation worldwide, forecast to pass six million in 2028Forecast2028International Federation of Robotics: Executive Summary, World Robotics 2026 Industrial Robots (PDF) (opens in a new tab) Published 24 Sept 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.
World industrial robot installations: record years and IFR forecasts (units)
2022552,9462025603,3072026 forecast655,0002029 forecast806,000

Source: International Federation of Robotics: Executive Summary, World Robotics 2026 Industrial Robots (PDF) (opens in a new tab) Published 24 Sept 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026. Dashed bars are IFR forecasts.

Data centre capacity and AI computing by country: Regions, China and Compare markets.

Robot density by country

Robot density is the number of industrial robots in operation for every 10,000 people employed in manufacturing. It shows how automated a country's factories are, independent of its size.

Robot density 2025, robots per 10,000 manufacturing employees Reported

Robots in operation per 10,000 manufacturing employees, 2025. IFR changed the employment data it uses for some countries, notably China, so do not compare these figures directly with the 2024 edition below.

Source: Robot Newspaper (irobotnews.com, Korea): IFR: Korea's manufacturing robot density ranks first in the world at 1,066 per 10,000 workers (in Korean) (opens in a new tab)

Show the data as a table
CountryRobots per 10,000 employees
Rep. of Korea1066
Singapore873
Germany469
Japan452
Sweden392
Denmark352
Slovenia340
United States323
Netherlands310
Switzerland307
China (19th)193
World average152

Robot density 2025 (World Robotics 2026, as reported) Reported

Robots in operation per 10,000 manufacturing employees, 2025. IFR changed the employment data it uses for some countries, notably China, so do not compare these figures directly with the 2024 edition below.

Country or areaRobots per 10,000 employees
Rep. of Korea1,066
Singapore873
Germany469
Japan452
Sweden392
Denmark352
Slovenia340
United States323
Netherlands310
Switzerland307
China (19th)193
World average152

Source: Robot Newspaper (irobotnews.com, Korea): IFR: Korea's manufacturing robot density ranks first in the world at 1,066 per 10,000 workers (in Korean) (opens in a new tab) Published 11 Oct 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

Robot density 2024 (World Robotics 2025, IFR) IFR statistic

Robots in operation per 10,000 manufacturing employees, 2024, as published by the IFR (World Robotics 2025 edition).

Country or areaRobots per 10,000 employees
Rep. of Korea1,220
Singapore818
Germany449
Japan446
Sweden377
Denmark329
Slovenia315
United States307
Chinese Taipei302
Switzerland294
EU-27231
China (22nd)166
World average132

Source: International Federation of Robotics: Robot Density Surges in Europe, Asia, and Americas (World Robotics 2025) (opens in a new tab) 2024 data, World Robotics 2025 edition. Accessed 31 Oct 2026. Also: International Federation of Robotics: US Robot Industry Returns to Double Digit Growth (opens in a new tab) Published 18 Jun 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

The IFR's own public release with 2025 density figures had not been published when we checked on 31 Oct 2026. We will replace the reported figures with IFR's release when it appears.

Humanoids: how many, and how ready

FigureWhat it measuresTypeYearSource
about 7,000 unitsFull-size humanoid robots (taller than 140 cm) sold worldwide in 2025 for commercial and professional useIFR statistic2025International Federation of Robotics: Global Sales of Professional Service Robots Surge 24% (World Robotics 2026 Service Robots) (opens in a new tab) Published 30 Sept 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.
almost 250,000 unitsProfessional service robots shipped worldwide in 2025, up 24% (transport and logistics 117,500, the largest use)IFR statistic2025International Federation of Robotics: Global Sales of Professional Service Robots Surge 24% (World Robotics 2026 Service Robots) (opens in a new tab) Published 30 Sept 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

“Most humanoids remain prototypes or pilot-stage technologies rather than industrial-grade products. At the current stage of technology, industrial robots are economically superior for industrial production tasks.”

IFR assessment. Source: International Federation of Robotics: Executive Summary, World Robotics 2026 Industrial Robots (PDF) (opens in a new tab) Published 24 Sept 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

Company sales and shipment figures below use each company's own definitions, so they are not directly comparable with the IFR count.

Humanoid robot prices compared

Humanoid robots with a price published by the maker, cheapest first. Maker list prices in US dollars before tax and shipping, as shown on each maker's own store on the date checked. A list price is not proof of stock or delivery date.

RobotMakerBased inPublished priceSource
Unitree R1Unitree RoboticsChinaFrom US$4,900shop.unitree.com (opens in a new tab), checked 1 Nov 2026
Unitree G1Unitree RoboticsChinaFrom US$13,500shop.unitree.com (opens in a new tab), checked 1 Nov 2026
1X NEO1X TechnologiesNorway and United StatesUS$20,000 to buy, or US$499 a month1x.tech (opens in a new tab), checked 1 Nov 2026
Unitree H2Unitree RoboticsChinaUS$29,900shop.unitree.com (opens in a new tab), checked 1 Nov 2026

Tesla Optimus, Boston Dynamics Atlas, Figure and Apptronik do not publish a price you can order at, so they are not listed. Shipments and sales are in the table above.

Makers: what they report

Flag of Japan

FANUC

Flag of Japan Japan · Tokyo Stock Exchange (6954) · Industrial robots, CNC controls and servos, machining equipment

Filed Robot division sales of ¥194.3bn in the six months to 30 September 2026, up 12.6% on a year earlier. Robot orders in the July to September quarter were ¥103.4bn, up 12.6%, while factory automation (CNC) orders rose 130.1%. Source: FANUC: Financial Results for the Six Months Ended September 30, 2026 (Reference Material, PDF) (opens in a new tab) Published 23 Oct 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

1 more sourced fact

Forecast Company forecast of ¥1,013.7bn group sales for the year to March 2027, raised from ¥948.1bn. This is FANUC's own forecast for the whole group, not robots only. Source: FANUC: Consolidated Financial Results for the six months ended September 30, 2026 (Japanese, PDF) (opens in a new tab) Published 23 Oct 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

Flag of Japan

Yaskawa Electric

Flag of Japan Japan · Tokyo Stock Exchange (6506) · MOTOMAN industrial robots, servo motors and drives

Filed Robotics revenue of ¥118.4bn in the six months to 31 August 2026, down 0.7%, with operating profit down 43.3% to ¥6.0bn. Motion control (servos and drives) revenue rose 21.7% to ¥137.3bn and is now larger than robotics. Source: Yaskawa Electric: FY2026 1st Half Financial Results (PDF) (opens in a new tab) Published 9 Oct 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

1 more sourced fact

Forecast Company forecast of ¥251.0bn robotics revenue for the full year to February 2027, up from a previous forecast of ¥240.0bn. Source: Yaskawa Electric: FY2026 1st Half Financial Results (PDF) (opens in a new tab) Published 9 Oct 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

Flag of SwitzerlandFlag of Sweden

ABB Robotics

Flag of SwitzerlandFlag of Sweden Switzerland and Sweden · Division of ABB (SIX Swiss Exchange), being sold to SoftBank Group · Industrial and collaborative robots, autonomous mobile robots

Company statement ABB agreed on 8 October 2025 to sell its Robotics division to SoftBank Group for an enterprise value of US$5.375bn, instead of the spin-off it had planned. ABB said the deal was expected to close in mid-to-late 2026, subject to regulatory approvals. We will record completion when it is announced. Source: ABB: ABB to divest Robotics division to SoftBank Group (opens in a new tab) Published 8 Oct 2025. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

Flag of China

UBTech Robotics

Flag of China China · Hong Kong Stock Exchange (9880) · Walker S2 industrial humanoid, Cruzr wheeled humanoid, education robots

Filed 921 full-size humanoid robots sold in the first half of 2026, with revenue from full-size humanoid products and services of RMB590.3m (up 1,445%). Group revenue was RMB1,269.1m and the loss for the period RMB338.8m. Source: UBTech Robotics (HKEX): Interim Results Announcement for the six months ended 30 June 2026 (PDF) (opens in a new tab) Published 28 Aug 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

1 more sourced fact

Target UBTech states an annual production target of 10,000 full-size humanoid robots. Source: UBTech Robotics (HKEX): Interim Results Announcement for the six months ended 30 June 2026 (PDF) (opens in a new tab) Published 28 Aug 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

Flag of China

Unitree Robotics

Flag of China China · Shanghai STAR Market (IPO subscription opened 10 August 2026) · Quadruped robots (Go2, B2), humanoids (G1, H1, R1)

Filed 2025 revenue of RMB1.70bn, up from RMB392.77m in 2024, according to the IPO prospectus. Overseas sales were RMB731.66m (43.65% of main-business revenue). The IPO offered about 40.45 million shares at RMB150.80 each. Source: Shanghai Stock Exchange (China Daily): Unitree IPO draws spotlight to China's fast-growing humanoid robot sector (opens in a new tab) Published 11 Aug 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

1 more sourced fact

Company statement Unitree says it shipped more than 5,500 humanoid robots in 2025 (not counting wheeled two-arm robots) and calls this the world's largest humanoid shipment volume. It reports more than 33,000 quadruped robots sold from 2023 to 2025. Source: Unitree Robotics: Prospectus for initial public offering on the STAR Market (Chinese, PDF) (opens in a new tab) IPO prospectus, 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

Flag of Republic of KoreaFlag of United States

Hyundai Motor Group and Boston Dynamics

Flag of Republic of KoreaFlag of United States Republic of Korea and United States · Boston Dynamics is part of Hyundai Motor Group · Atlas humanoid, Spot quadruped, Stretch warehouse robot

Target Hyundai Motor Group aims to set up a production system able to build 30,000 robots a year by 2028, with a new US robotics facility of that capacity. It plans to use Atlas at Hyundai Motor Group Metaplant America in Georgia from 2028 for parts sequencing, moving to component assembly by 2030. Source: Hyundai Motor Group: Hyundai Motor Group Announces AI Robotics Strategy to Lead Human-Centered Robotics Era at CES 2026 (opens in a new tab) Published 5 Jan 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

Flag of Republic of Korea

Rainbow Robotics (Samsung Electronics)

Flag of Republic of Korea Republic of Korea · KOSDAQ (277810) · Collaborative robots, humanoid and bimanual robots

Company statement Samsung Electronics said it would raise its stake in Rainbow Robotics from 14.7% to 35% by exercising a call option, becoming the largest shareholder and consolidating it as a subsidiary, to speed up development of future robots such as humanoids. Source: Samsung Newsroom: Samsung Electronics To Become Largest Shareholder in Rainbow Robotics Accelerating Future Robot Development (opens in a new tab) Published 31 Dec 2024. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

Not yet covered: Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Doosan Robotics, KUKA (Midea), Estun, Tesla (Optimus), Figure AI. We add a maker when we have sourced figures. Companies are named for information only. CoolPower Index is vendor-neutral and this is not investment advice.

Watch the robots

Official videos from Boston Dynamics, Figure, Unitree Robotics and FANUC Europe. They load from YouTube only when you press play. Company videos are promotional and are not evidence of the figures above.

All New Atlas | Boston Dynamics Boston Dynamics on YouTube. Watch on YouTube
Introducing Figure 03 Figure on YouTube. Watch on YouTube
Unitree Introducing | Unitree G1 Humanoid Agent | AI Avatar | Price from $16K Unitree Robotics on YouTube. Watch on YouTube
How FANUC Robots Are Transforming Greenhouse Farming | Westburg & FANUC FANUC Europe on YouTube. Watch on YouTube

Policy

5 May 2026

China puts AI-powered robots at the centre of its 15th Five-Year Plan

The IFR reports that China's 15th Five-Year Plan places robotics at the heart of its industrial system and expects commercial humanoids towards the end of the plan period. China's operational stock of about 2 million industrial robots is about 4.5 times Japan's (2024 data).

Source: International Federation of Robotics: China Makes AI-powered Robots Core of National Strategy (opens in a new tab) Published 5 May 2026. Accessed 31 Oct 2026.

China's AI chips, computing capacity and data centre policy: China briefing. Dated policy records for every country: Policy tracker.

Common questions

Which country installs the most industrial robots?

China, by a huge margin. It installed more factory robots in 2025 than the rest of the world put together.

Why it matters About 6 in every 10 factory robots fitted worldwide in 2025 went into China.

  • China: around 354,000 (59% of the world)
  • United States: around 38,000
  • Japan: around 36,000
  • Korea: around 30,000
  • Germany: under 25,000

Source: IFR World Robotics 2026

Which country has the highest robot density?

South Korea. Robot density means how many robots there are for every 10,000 factory workers.

Why it matters Korea has about 1 robot for every 10 factory workers, about seven times the world average.

  • Korea: around 1,070
  • Singapore: around 870
  • Germany: around 470
  • Japan: around 450
  • World average: around 150 (2025)

Source: IFR World Robotics 2026

What is China's robot density?

About 190 robots for every 10,000 factory workers, 19th in the world, because China has so many factory workers.

Why it matters China still owns more robots in total than any other country.

  • Around 190 per 10,000 workers (2025)
  • 19th in the world
  • Around 36 million factory workers

Source: IFR World Robotics 2026

How many humanoid robots were sold in 2025?

About 7,000 full-size humanoid robots (robots shaped like people, over 140 cm tall) were sold for work in 2025.

Why it matters That is tiny next to the hundreds of thousands of ordinary factory robots fitted each year.

  • Around 7,000 full-size humanoids (2025)
  • Unitree says it shipped over 5,500, by its own definition

Source: IFR, Unitree

Which are the main humanoid robot companies in China?

UBTech, Unitree and AgiBot are three Chinese humanoid robot makers that publish figures. It is not a full list.

  • UBTech: around 920 sold in the first half of 2026
  • Unitree: stock market listing, August 2026
  • AgiBot: 20,000th robot made, September 2026

Source: Company reports

How many industrial robots will be installed in 2026?

The industry body expects around 655,000 new factory robots in 2026, rising to around 800,000 by 2029.

Why it matters These are forecasts and can change.

  • Around 655,000 (2026, up 9%)
  • Around 806,000 (2029)

Source: IFR forecast

How much does a humanoid robot cost?

Published list prices start at about US$4,900 for the Unitree R1. The Unitree G1 starts at US$13,500, the 1X NEO costs US$20,000 to buy or US$499 a month, and the Unitree H2 is US$29,900.

Why it matters Most other makers, including Tesla and Boston Dynamics, do not publish a price you can order at.

Source: Unitree and 1X online stores, checked 1 November 2026

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