{"api_version":"v1","schema_version":"1.1","dataset":"countries","title":"Country market profiles","generated":"2026-10-18","research_imported":"2026-10-18","licence":"Editorial summaries and structured fields by CoolPower Index. Reuse with attribution and a link. Source documents remain the property of their publishers.","coverage":"Published records only. Draft records, private booking data and contacts are never included. Capacity figures are tracked public coverage, not national totals.","schema":"https://coolpowerindex.com/data/v1/schema/","count":7,"records":[{"id":"germany","status":"published","name":"Germany","iso2":"DE","macro_region_id":"europe","summary":"Germany is the largest data centre market in continental Europe, centred on Frankfurt/Rhein-Main. The federal data centre strategy adopted in March 2026 cites Borderstep estimates of about 2,980 MW IT connected load and roughly 21 TWh of consumption in 2025, about 4% of gross electricity use, and aims to at least double capacity by 2030. The Energy Efficiency Act (EnEfG) sets PUE, renewable electricity and waste heat reuse duties, and an amendment is in parliament.","overview":"More than a third of national capacity sits in Frankfurt/Rhein-Main, with Berlin-Brandenburg and the Rhenish lignite area emerging for hyperscale and AI campuses. Over half of capacity is colocation according to the strategy.","why_it_matters":"Germany combines the EU's toughest efficiency and heat reuse law with an explicit federal growth target, so design choices on cooling temperature and heat export carry regulatory weight.","grid_context":"The strategy flags grid connection capacity in Frankfurt/Rhein-Main as a bottleneck and proposes measures on connection procedures and siting near generation.","water_heat_planning":"EnEfG Section 11 sets PUE limits, 100% renewable electricity and minimum reused energy shares for new data centres. Google plans district heat supply from Dietzenbach. Microsoft's Rhenish sites use closed-loop cooling without evaporation.","coverage_note":"National capacity figures are Borderstep model estimates cited by government, not official statistics.","metros":[{"id":"frankfurt-rhine-main","name":"Frankfurt/Rhein-Main","boundary_note":"Rhein-Main area around Frankfurt incl. Offenbach, Hanau and Dietzenbach, as used in the federal strategy."}],"indicators":[{"name":"Data centre IT connected load (Borderstep estimate)","value":2980,"unit":"MW","geography":"Germany","period":"2025","source_url":"https://www.bmftr.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/2026/rechenzentrumsstrategie.pdf","note":"Third-party estimate cited in federal strategy."},{"name":"Data centre electricity consumption","value":21,"unit":"TWh","geography":"Germany","period":"2025","source_url":"https://www.bmftr.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/2026/rechenzentrumsstrategie.pdf","note":"About 4% of gross electricity consumption."},{"name":"Projected IT connected load (Borderstep)","value":5000,"unit":"MW","geography":"Germany","period":"2030","source_url":"https://www.bmftr.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/2026/rechenzentrumsstrategie.pdf","note":"Projection, not a target."}],"sources":[{"url":"https://www.bmftr.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/2026/rechenzentrumsstrategie.pdf","title":"Rechenzentrumsstrategie der Bundesregierung","publisher":"BMFTR","date_published":"2026-03-18","date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"government"},{"url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/enefg/__11.html","title":"Energieeffizienzgesetz Section 11","publisher":"gesetze-im-internet.de","date_published":null,"date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"legislation"}],"type":"country","project_ids":["de-aws-european-sovereign-cloud-brandenburg","de-google-dietzenbach","de-google-hanau","de-microsoft-rhenish-cluster"],"cloud_region_ids":["aws-eu-central-1","aws-eusc-de-east-1","azure-germanynorth","azure-germanywestcentral","gcp-europe-west10","gcp-europe-west3","oci-eu-frankfurt-1"],"policy_ids":["de-enefg-amendment-2026","de-enefg-section-11-data-centres","de-rechenzentrumsstrategie-2026","eu-data-centre-minimum-performance-standards","eu-data-centre-rating-scheme-2026","eu-eed-data-centre-reporting"],"operator_ids":["aws","digital-realty","equinix","google","microsoft","oracle","vantage"],"technology_ids":["direct-liquid-cooling","heat-rejection","heat-reuse"],"supplier_ids":[],"resource_ids":[],"metro_ids":["frankfurt-rhine-main"],"country_ids":["germany"],"provenance":{"indicators":{"source_url":"https://www.bmftr.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/2026/rechenzentrumsstrategie.pdf","as_of":"2026-10-18","basis":"official statistics and government sources as cited per indicator","checked":"2026-10-18"}},"last_checked":"2026-10-18","reviewer":"CoolPower Index research (automated, sourced)","metric_claims":[],"claims":[{"claim_id":"germany--data-centre-it-connected-load-borderstep-1","record_id":"germany","record_type":"country","metric":"data-centre-it-connected-load-borderstep","label":"Data centre IT connected load (Borderstep estimate)","metric_class":"it-power","metric_type":"power","value_kind":"exact","value":2980,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"MW","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":null,"scope":"national","geography":"Germany","period":"2025","asset_id":null,"claim_stage":null,"delivery_state":null,"delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":null,"date_basis":"period-only","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"modelled","source_url":"https://www.bmftr.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/2026/rechenzentrumsstrategie.pdf","source_publisher":"BMFTR","source_published":"2026-03-18","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"Third-party estimate cited in federal strategy.","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"indicator","normalised":{"value":2980,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"MW"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Country or regional indicator. Shown on its own, never summed with project records.","display_value":"2,980 MW"},{"claim_id":"germany--data-centre-electricity-consumption-2","record_id":"germany","record_type":"country","metric":"data-centre-electricity-consumption","label":"Data centre electricity consumption","metric_class":"energy-use","metric_type":"energy","value_kind":"exact","value":21,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"TWh","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":null,"scope":"national","geography":"Germany","period":"2025","asset_id":null,"claim_stage":null,"delivery_state":null,"delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":null,"date_basis":"period-only","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"official","source_url":"https://www.bmftr.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/2026/rechenzentrumsstrategie.pdf","source_publisher":"BMFTR","source_published":"2026-03-18","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"About 4% of gross electricity consumption.","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"indicator","normalised":{"value":21000,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"GWh"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Country or regional indicator. Shown on its own, never summed with project records.","display_value":"21 TWh"},{"claim_id":"germany--projected-it-connected-load-borderstep-3","record_id":"germany","record_type":"country","metric":"projected-it-connected-load-borderstep","label":"Projected IT connected load (Borderstep)","metric_class":"it-power","metric_type":"power","value_kind":"exact","value":5000,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"MW","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":null,"scope":"national","geography":"Germany","period":"2030","asset_id":null,"claim_stage":null,"delivery_state":null,"delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":null,"date_basis":"period-only","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"modelled","source_url":"https://www.bmftr.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/2026/rechenzentrumsstrategie.pdf","source_publisher":"BMFTR","source_published":"2026-03-18","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"Projection, not a target.","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"indicator","normalised":{"value":5000,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"MW"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Country or regional indicator. Shown on its own, never summed with project records.","display_value":"5,000 MW"}],"dates":{"published":"2026-03-18","effective":null,"event":null,"expected_operation":null,"last_checked":"2026-10-18","next_review":"2027-01-17","review_cadence_days":91},"url":"https://coolpowerindex.com/markets/germany/"},{"id":"ireland","status":"published","name":"Ireland","iso2":"IE","macro_region_id":"europe","summary":"Ireland has the highest data centre share of national electricity use among the focus countries. The CSO reports data centres used 23% of metered electricity in 2025 (7,663 GWh), up from 5% in 2015. After a de facto pause on new Dublin grid connections, the CRU adopted a new large energy user connection policy in 2025 requiring on-site or nearby dispatchable generation, and the system operators published the new connection processes in May 2026.","overview":"Almost all capacity is in the Dublin region. New projects must show matching dispatchable generation or storage and participate in the market, and planning authorities have refused several sites on grid grounds, some overturned on appeal.","why_it_matters":"Ireland shows what happens when data centre demand outpaces grid build: connection policy, not demand, sets the pipeline. Its rules are a template other grid-constrained markets watch.","grid_context":"The CRU cites demand rising from 9.4 TWh in 2025 to 14.6 TWh in 2034 under EirGrid forecasts. New connections follow CRU/2025236 and the EirGrid and ESB Networks processes effective 20 May 2026.","water_heat_planning":"EU Energy Efficiency Directive reporting applies to sites of 500 kW IT or more. An Coimisiún Pleanála decides appeals, for example granting Google's Grange Castle extension in September 2026 with renewable fuel and PPA conditions.","coverage_note":"CSO figures are metered electricity consumption, not capacity. No official national MW capacity figure was found.","metros":[{"id":"dublin","name":"Dublin","boundary_note":"Greater Dublin area including Fingal and South Dublin county council areas."}],"indicators":[{"name":"Data centre share of metered electricity consumption","value":23,"unit":"percent","geography":"Ireland","period":"2025","source_url":"https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-dcmec/datacentresmeteredelectricityconsumption2025/keyfindings/"},{"name":"Data centre metered electricity consumption","value":7663,"unit":"GWh","geography":"Ireland","period":"2025","source_url":"https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-dcmec/datacentresmeteredelectricityconsumption2025/keyfindings/","note":"2024 restated as 6,973 GWh in the 2025 release (6,969 GWh in the 2024 release)."},{"name":"Forecast data centre electricity demand","value":14.6,"unit":"TWh","geography":"Ireland","period":"2034","source_url":"https://www.cru.ie/about-us/news/the-cru-publishes-its-decision-on-new-electricity-connection-policy-for-data-centres/","note":"EirGrid forecast cited by CRU, from 9.4 TWh in 2025."}],"metric_claims":[{"value":7663,"unit":"GWh","original_wording":"rising from 6,973 Gigawatt hours (GWh) in 2024 to 7,663 GWh in 2025","metric_class":"energy-use","stage":"operating","scope":"country","as_of":"2025","source_url":"https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-dcmec/datacentresmeteredelectricityconsumption2025/keyfindings/","claim_type":"reported","aggregation_eligible":false,"basis":"Metered annual electricity consumption.","reviewer":"CoolPower Index research (automated, sourced)","last_checked":"2026-10-18","conflict_status":"conflicting","conflict_note":"2024 value 6,973 GWh in the 2025 release vs 6,969 GWh in the 2024 release (revision). The 2025 release page shows a date of 07 July 2025, which appears to be a page error."}],"sources":[{"url":"https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-dcmec/datacentresmeteredelectricityconsumption2025/keyfindings/","title":"Data Centres Metered Electricity Consumption 2025","publisher":"Central Statistics Office","date_published":"2026","date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"statistics"},{"url":"https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-dcmec/datacentresmeteredelectricityconsumption2024/keyfindings/","title":"Data Centres Metered Electricity Consumption 2024","publisher":"Central Statistics Office","date_published":"2025-06-10","date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"statistics"},{"url":"https://www.cru.ie/about-us/news/the-cru-publishes-its-decision-on-new-electricity-connection-policy-for-data-centres/","title":"CRU publishes decision on new electricity connection policy for data centres","publisher":"Commission for Regulation of Utilities","date_published":"2025","date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"regulator"},{"url":"https://cms.eirgrid.ie/sites/default/files/publications/Data-Centre-Connection-Offer-Process-and-Policy-V3-May-2026.pdf","title":"Data Centre Connection Offer Process and Policy V3","publisher":"EirGrid","date_published":"2026-05","date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"utility"}],"type":"country","project_ids":["ie-equinix-db7x-blanchardstown","ie-google-grange-castle-phase-3","ie-vantage-dub11-profile-park"],"cloud_region_ids":["aws-eu-west-1","azure-northeurope"],"policy_ids":["eu-data-centre-minimum-performance-standards","eu-data-centre-rating-scheme-2026","eu-eed-data-centre-reporting","ie-cru-large-energy-users-connection-policy-2025","ie-system-operator-data-centre-connection-processes-2026"],"operator_ids":["aws","digital-realty","equinix","google","microsoft","vantage"],"technology_ids":["backup-power-and-energy-storage","heat-reuse","power-distribution"],"supplier_ids":[],"resource_ids":[],"metro_ids":["dublin"],"country_ids":["ireland"],"provenance":{"indicators":{"source_url":"https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-dcmec/datacentresmeteredelectricityconsumption2025/keyfindings/","as_of":"2026-10-18","basis":"official statistics and government sources as cited per indicator","checked":"2026-10-18"}},"last_checked":"2026-10-18","reviewer":"CoolPower Index research (automated, sourced)","claims":[{"claim_id":"ireland--energy-use-1","record_id":"ireland","record_type":"country","metric":"energy-use","label":null,"metric_class":"energy-use","metric_type":"energy","value_kind":"exact","value":7663,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"GWh","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":"rising from 6,973 Gigawatt hours (GWh) in 2024 to 7,663 GWh in 2025","scope":"country","geography":null,"period":null,"asset_id":null,"claim_stage":"operating","delivery_state":"operating","delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":"2025","date_basis":"stated","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"disputed","source_url":"https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-dcmec/datacentresmeteredelectricityconsumption2025/keyfindings/","source_publisher":"Central Statistics Office","source_published":"2026","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"Metered annual electricity consumption.","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"conflicting","kind":"metric","normalised":{"value":7663,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"GWh"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Not a project record. Company and leased totals are never summed (avoids double counting).","display_value":"7,663 GWh"},{"claim_id":"ireland--data-centre-share-of-metered-electricity-1","record_id":"ireland","record_type":"country","metric":"data-centre-share-of-metered-electricity","label":"Data centre share of metered electricity consumption","metric_class":"other","metric_type":"share","value_kind":"exact","value":23,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"percent","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":null,"scope":"national","geography":"Ireland","period":"2025","asset_id":null,"claim_stage":null,"delivery_state":null,"delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":null,"date_basis":"period-only","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"official","source_url":"https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-dcmec/datacentresmeteredelectricityconsumption2025/keyfindings/","source_publisher":"Central Statistics Office","source_published":"2026","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":null,"components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"indicator","normalised":{"value":23,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"percent"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Country or regional indicator. Shown on its own, never summed with project records.","display_value":"23%"},{"claim_id":"ireland--data-centre-metered-electricity-consumpt-2","record_id":"ireland","record_type":"country","metric":"data-centre-metered-electricity-consumpt","label":"Data centre metered electricity consumption","metric_class":"energy-use","metric_type":"energy","value_kind":"exact","value":7663,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"GWh","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":null,"scope":"national","geography":"Ireland","period":"2025","asset_id":null,"claim_stage":null,"delivery_state":null,"delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":null,"date_basis":"period-only","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"official","source_url":"https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-dcmec/datacentresmeteredelectricityconsumption2025/keyfindings/","source_publisher":"Central Statistics Office","source_published":"2026","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"2024 restated as 6,973 GWh in the 2025 release (6,969 GWh in the 2024 release).","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"indicator","normalised":{"value":7663,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"GWh"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Country or regional indicator. Shown on its own, never summed with project records.","display_value":"7,663 GWh"},{"claim_id":"ireland--forecast-data-centre-electricity-demand-3","record_id":"ireland","record_type":"country","metric":"forecast-data-centre-electricity-demand","label":"Forecast data centre electricity demand","metric_class":"energy-use","metric_type":"energy","value_kind":"exact","value":14.6,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"TWh","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":null,"scope":"national","geography":"Ireland","period":"2034","asset_id":null,"claim_stage":null,"delivery_state":null,"delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":null,"date_basis":"period-only","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"modelled","source_url":"https://www.cru.ie/about-us/news/the-cru-publishes-its-decision-on-new-electricity-connection-policy-for-data-centres/","source_publisher":"Commission for Regulation of Utilities","source_published":"2025","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"EirGrid forecast cited by CRU, from 9.4 TWh in 2025.","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"indicator","normalised":{"value":14600,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"GWh"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Country or regional indicator. Shown on its own, never summed with project records.","display_value":"14.6 TWh"}],"dates":{"published":"2026-05","effective":null,"event":null,"expected_operation":null,"last_checked":"2026-10-18","next_review":"2027-01-17","review_cadence_days":91},"url":"https://coolpowerindex.com/markets/ireland/"},{"id":"malaysia","status":"published","name":"Malaysia","iso2":"MY","macro_region_id":"asia-pacific","summary":"Malaysia, led by Johor, has become one of Asia's fastest-growing data centre markets. The Johor state government reported 65 projects in May 2026, 20 operating with about 920 MW of actual electricity use, and 5,628 MW of approved capacity across 28 projects. The federal Data Centre Task Force approved 27 projects worth RM225.97 billion up to July 2026, and MIDA issued a sustainable data centre guideline in 2024.","overview":"Johor (bordering Singapore) and Greater Kuala Lumpur/Selangor host most projects. Johor is introducing Johor Special Water for industrial water supply and promoting corporate renewable supply through CRESS.","why_it_matters":"Power and water availability in Johor and the state's new sustainability approach will determine how much of the approved pipeline is built.","grid_context":"TNB is the grid operator. Johor reports actual use of operating sites well below approved capacity, showing a large gap between approvals and delivery.","water_heat_planning":"Johor Special Water and recycled water options are being introduced for data centres. MIDA guideline sets sustainability expectations for incentives.","coverage_note":"Johor figures mix actual electricity use (MW) and approved capacity (MW), which are different measures. No national official capacity figure found.","metros":[{"id":"johor","name":"Johor","boundary_note":"Johor state, mainly Johor Bahru, Iskandar Puteri, Kulai and Sedenak."},{"id":"greater-kuala-lumpur","name":"Greater Kuala Lumpur and Selangor","boundary_note":"Kuala Lumpur, Cyberjaya and Selangor."}],"indicators":[{"name":"Actual electricity use of 20 operating data centres, Johor","value":919.97,"unit":"MW","geography":"Johor","period":"March 2026","source_url":"https://mediadigitaljohor.gov.my/en/johor-perkenal-pendekatan-lestari-urus-pembangunan-pusat-data/"},{"name":"Approved data centre capacity, 28 projects, Johor","value":5628,"unit":"MW","geography":"Johor","period":"May 2026","source_url":"https://mediadigitaljohor.gov.my/en/johor-perkenal-pendekatan-lestari-urus-pembangunan-pusat-data/","note":"Approvals, not built capacity."},{"name":"Investment in projects approved by Data Centre Task Force","value":225.97,"unit":"MYR billion","geography":"Malaysia","period":"to July 2026","source_url":"https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2026/10/14/task-force-approved-27-data-centre-projects-with-estimated-investments-of-rm22597bil","note":"27 projects: 16 Johor, 10 Selangor, 1 Negeri Sembilan.","currency":"MYR"}],"sources":[{"url":"https://mediadigitaljohor.gov.my/en/johor-perkenal-pendekatan-lestari-urus-pembangunan-pusat-data/","title":"Johor introduces sustainable approach to manage data centre development","publisher":"Media Digital Johor (Johor state government)","date_published":"2026-05-06","date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"government"},{"url":"https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2026/10/14/task-force-approved-27-data-centre-projects-with-estimated-investments-of-rm22597bil","title":"Task force approved 27 data centre projects with estimated investments of RM225.97bil","publisher":"The Star (Bernama)","date_published":"2026-10-14","date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"trade-press"},{"url":"https://www.mida.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Guideline-for-Sustainable-Development-of-Data-Centre.pdf","title":"Guideline for Sustainable Development of Data Centre","publisher":"MIDA","date_published":"2024-12","date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"government"}],"type":"country","project_ids":["my-airtrunk-jhb1","my-airtrunk-jhb2","my-google-elmina"],"cloud_region_ids":["aws-ap-southeast-5","azure-malaysiawest","gcp-malaysia-announced","oci-ap-kulai-2"],"policy_ids":["my-mida-sustainable-data-centre-guideline"],"operator_ids":["airtrunk","aws","digital-realty","equinix","google","microsoft","oracle","vantage"],"technology_ids":["direct-liquid-cooling","heat-rejection"],"supplier_ids":[],"resource_ids":[],"metro_ids":["johor","greater-kuala-lumpur"],"country_ids":["malaysia"],"provenance":{"indicators":{"source_url":"https://mediadigitaljohor.gov.my/en/johor-perkenal-pendekatan-lestari-urus-pembangunan-pusat-data/","as_of":"2026-10-18","basis":"official statistics and government sources as cited per indicator","checked":"2026-10-18"}},"last_checked":"2026-10-18","reviewer":"CoolPower Index research (automated, sourced)","metric_claims":[],"claims":[{"claim_id":"malaysia--actual-electricity-use-of-20-operating-d-1","record_id":"malaysia","record_type":"country","metric":"actual-electricity-use-of-20-operating-d","label":"Actual electricity use of 20 operating data centres, Johor","metric_class":"it-power","metric_type":"power","value_kind":"exact","value":919.97,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"MW","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":null,"scope":"national","geography":"Johor","period":"March 2026","asset_id":null,"claim_stage":null,"delivery_state":null,"delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":null,"date_basis":"period-only","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"official","source_url":"https://mediadigitaljohor.gov.my/en/johor-perkenal-pendekatan-lestari-urus-pembangunan-pusat-data/","source_publisher":"Media Digital Johor (Johor state government)","source_published":"2026-05-06","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":null,"components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"indicator","normalised":{"value":919.97,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"MW"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Country or regional indicator. Shown on its own, never summed with project records.","display_value":"919.97 MW"},{"claim_id":"malaysia--approved-data-centre-capacity-28-project-2","record_id":"malaysia","record_type":"country","metric":"approved-data-centre-capacity-28-project","label":"Approved data centre capacity, 28 projects, Johor","metric_class":"it-power","metric_type":"power","value_kind":"exact","value":5628,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"MW","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":null,"scope":"national","geography":"Johor","period":"May 2026","asset_id":null,"claim_stage":null,"delivery_state":null,"delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":null,"date_basis":"period-only","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"official","source_url":"https://mediadigitaljohor.gov.my/en/johor-perkenal-pendekatan-lestari-urus-pembangunan-pusat-data/","source_publisher":"Media Digital Johor (Johor state government)","source_published":"2026-05-06","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"Approvals, not built capacity.","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"indicator","normalised":{"value":5628,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"MW"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Country or regional indicator. Shown on its own, never summed with project records.","display_value":"5,628 MW"},{"claim_id":"malaysia--investment-in-projects-approved-by-data-3","record_id":"malaysia","record_type":"country","metric":"investment-in-projects-approved-by-data-","label":"Investment in projects approved by Data Centre Task Force","metric_class":"investment","metric_type":"money","value_kind":"exact","value":225.97,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"currency","unit_label":"MYR billion","scale_word":"billion","multiplier":1000000000,"currency":"MYR","original_wording":null,"scope":"national","geography":"Malaysia","period":"to July 2026","asset_id":null,"claim_stage":null,"delivery_state":null,"delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":null,"date_basis":"period-only","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"third-party-reported","source_url":"https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2026/10/14/task-force-approved-27-data-centre-projects-with-estimated-investments-of-rm22597bil","source_publisher":"The Star (Bernama)","source_published":"2026-10-14","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"27 projects: 16 Johor, 10 Selangor, 1 Negeri Sembilan.","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"indicator","normalised":{"value":225970000000,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"MYR"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Country or regional indicator. Shown on its own, never summed with project records.","display_value":"MYR 225.97 billion"}],"dates":{"published":"2026-10-14","effective":null,"event":null,"expected_operation":null,"last_checked":"2026-10-18","next_review":"2027-01-17","review_cadence_days":91},"url":"https://coolpowerindex.com/markets/malaysia/"},{"id":"saudi-arabia","status":"published","name":"Saudi Arabia","iso2":"SA","macro_region_id":"middle-east-africa","summary":"Saudi Arabia is scaling data centre capacity from a small base as part of its AI and digital strategy. The Ministry of Communications and IT reported operational capacity rising from 68 MW in 2021 to 440 MW in 2025 and 467 MW in the first quarter of 2026. CST regulates data centre services. Large new projects include DataVolt's Oxagon campus in NEOM, HUMAIN partnerships, and new Azure (November 2026) and AWS (December 2026 target) regions.","overview":"Riyadh, Dammam/Eastern Province and Jeddah host existing capacity. Google and Oracle already run regions. NEOM's Oxagon is the main new AI campus location.","why_it_matters":"Rapid growth from a small base plus hyperscaler entry makes Saudi Arabia a key Middle East market for cooling and power equipment in hot climates.","grid_context":"Not disclosed in official sources reviewed.","water_heat_planning":"Not disclosed in official sources reviewed.","coverage_note":"MCIT does not define whether capacity is IT or facility power.","metros":[{"id":"riyadh","name":"Riyadh","boundary_note":"Riyadh region. Not yet populated with projects."}],"indicators":[{"name":"Operational data centre capacity","value":467,"unit":"MW","geography":"Saudi Arabia","period":"2026-Q1","source_url":"https://mcit.gov.sa/en/node/249183","note":"Basis not defined. 440 MW in 2025, 68 MW in 2021."}],"metric_claims":[{"value":467,"unit":"MW","original_wording":"capacity rising to 467 megawatts","metric_class":"other","stage":"operating","scope":"country","as_of":"2026","source_url":"https://mcit.gov.sa/en/node/249183","claim_type":"reported","aggregation_eligible":false,"basis":"Government-reported operational capacity, IT or facility basis not stated.","reviewer":"CoolPower Index research (automated, sourced)","last_checked":"2026-10-18","conflict_status":"none"}],"sources":[{"url":"https://mcit.gov.sa/en/node/249183","title":"Saudi data centre capacity growth (MCIT news)","publisher":"Ministry of Communications and Information Technology","date_published":"2026-05-05","date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"government"},{"url":"https://www.cst.gov.sa/en/media-center/news/CST-Announces-that-the-Data-Center-Services-Regulations-Document-has-Entered-Into-Force","title":"CST announces Data Center Services Regulations entered into force","publisher":"Communications, Space and Technology Commission","date_published":"2024","date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"regulator"}],"type":"country","project_ids":["sa-datavolt-oxagon-campus","sa-datavolt-oxagon-phase-1","sa-humain-aws-ai-zone"],"cloud_region_ids":["aws-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia-announced","azure-saudi-arabia-east","gcp-me-central2","oci-me-jeddah-1","oci-me-riyadh-1"],"policy_ids":["sa-cst-data-center-services-regulation"],"operator_ids":["aws","google","microsoft","oracle"],"technology_ids":[],"supplier_ids":[],"resource_ids":[],"metro_ids":["riyadh"],"country_ids":["saudi-arabia"],"provenance":{"indicators":{"source_url":"https://mcit.gov.sa/en/node/249183","as_of":"2026-10-18","basis":"official statistics and government sources as cited per indicator","checked":"2026-10-18"}},"last_checked":"2026-10-18","reviewer":"CoolPower Index research (automated, sourced)","claims":[{"claim_id":"saudi-arabia--other-1","record_id":"saudi-arabia","record_type":"country","metric":"other","label":null,"metric_class":"other","metric_type":"unclear","value_kind":"exact","value":467,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"MW","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":"capacity rising to 467 megawatts","scope":"country","geography":null,"period":null,"asset_id":null,"claim_stage":"operating","delivery_state":"operating","delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":"2026","date_basis":"stated","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"official","source_url":"https://mcit.gov.sa/en/node/249183","source_publisher":"Ministry of Communications and Information Technology","source_published":"2026-05-05","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"Government-reported operational capacity, IT or facility basis not stated.","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"metric","normalised":{"value":467,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"MW"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Not a project record. Company and leased totals are never summed (avoids double counting).","display_value":"467 MW"},{"claim_id":"saudi-arabia--operational-data-centre-capacity-1","record_id":"saudi-arabia","record_type":"country","metric":"operational-data-centre-capacity","label":"Operational data centre capacity","metric_class":"it-power","metric_type":"power","value_kind":"exact","value":467,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"MW","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":null,"scope":"national","geography":"Saudi Arabia","period":"2026-Q1","asset_id":null,"claim_stage":null,"delivery_state":null,"delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":null,"date_basis":"period-only","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"official","source_url":"https://mcit.gov.sa/en/node/249183","source_publisher":"Ministry of Communications and Information Technology","source_published":"2026-05-05","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"Basis not defined. 440 MW in 2025, 68 MW in 2021.","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"indicator","normalised":{"value":467,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"MW"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Country or regional indicator. Shown on its own, never summed with project records.","display_value":"467 MW"}],"dates":{"published":"2026-05-05","effective":null,"event":null,"expected_operation":null,"last_checked":"2026-10-18","next_review":"2027-01-17","review_cadence_days":91},"url":"https://coolpowerindex.com/markets/saudi-arabia/"},{"id":"singapore","status":"published","name":"Singapore","iso2":"SG","macro_region_id":"asia-pacific","summary":"Singapore is a mature, land and power constrained hub that rations new capacity. IMDA reported over 1.4 GW of data centre capacity across more than 70 data centres when it launched the Green Data Centre Roadmap in May 2024, aiming for at least 300 MW more in the near term. In August 2026 EDB and IMDA provisionally allocated 200 MW under DC-CFA2 to Digital Realty, Equinix, Keppel Data Centres and STT GDC, 50 MW each, on Jurong Island.","overview":"New capacity comes through competitive government allocation tied to efficiency, green energy and liquid cooling commitments. The DC-CFA2 sites will be in a JTC low-carbon data centre park on Jurong Island.","why_it_matters":"Allocation conditions such as PUE 1.25 at full IT load, Green Mark Platinum and liquid cooling define the technology bar for new Singapore builds.","grid_context":"Capacity is limited by power and land, and at least half of DC-CFA2 capacity must use green energy pathways such as biomethane, low-carbon ammonia or hydrogen.","water_heat_planning":"Green Mark for Data Centres 2024 and SS 715:2025 apply. Liquid cooling is a DC-CFA2 commitment.","coverage_note":"The 1.4 GW figure dates from May 2024 and its basis (IT or facility) is not stated.","metros":[{"id":"singapore-metro","name":"Singapore","boundary_note":"City-state, incl. Jurong Island."}],"indicators":[{"name":"Data centre capacity","value":1.4,"unit":"GW","geography":"Singapore","period":"2024-05","source_url":"https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/factsheets/2024/charting-green-growth-for-data-centres-in-sg","note":"\"Over 1.4 gigawatts\", basis not stated."},{"name":"DC-CFA2 provisional allocation","value":200,"unit":"MW","geography":"Singapore","period":"2026-08","source_url":"https://www.edb.gov.sg/en/about-edb/media-releases-publications/four-data-centre-proposals-selected-as-part-of-second-data-centre.html","note":"Four operators, 50 MW each."}],"sources":[{"url":"https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/factsheets/2024/charting-green-growth-for-data-centres-in-sg","title":"Charting green growth for data centres in Singapore (factsheet)","publisher":"IMDA","date_published":"2024-05-30","date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"government"},{"url":"https://www.edb.gov.sg/en/about-edb/media-releases-publications/four-data-centre-proposals-selected-as-part-of-second-data-centre.html","title":"Four data centre proposals selected under DC-CFA2","publisher":"EDB","date_published":"2026-08-21","date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"government"}],"type":"country","project_ids":["sg-jurong-island-dc-cfa2-digital-realty","sg-jurong-island-dc-cfa2-equinix","sg-jurong-island-dc-cfa2-keppel","sg-jurong-island-dc-cfa2-stt-gdc"],"cloud_region_ids":["aws-ap-southeast-1","azure-southeastasia","gcp-asia-southeast1","oci-ap-singapore-1","oci-ap-singapore-2"],"policy_ids":["sg-dc-cfa2-allocation-2026","sg-green-data-centre-roadmap"],"operator_ids":["aws","digital-realty","equinix","google","microsoft","oracle"],"technology_ids":["direct-liquid-cooling"],"supplier_ids":[],"resource_ids":[],"metro_ids":["singapore-metro"],"country_ids":["singapore"],"provenance":{"indicators":{"source_url":"https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/factsheets/2024/charting-green-growth-for-data-centres-in-sg","as_of":"2026-10-18","basis":"official statistics and government sources as cited per indicator","checked":"2026-10-18"}},"last_checked":"2026-10-18","reviewer":"CoolPower Index research (automated, sourced)","metric_claims":[],"claims":[{"claim_id":"singapore--data-centre-capacity-1","record_id":"singapore","record_type":"country","metric":"data-centre-capacity","label":"Data centre capacity","metric_class":"it-power","metric_type":"power","value_kind":"lower_bound","value":1.4,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"GW","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":"Over 1.4 gigawatts","scope":"national","geography":"Singapore","period":"2024-05","asset_id":null,"claim_stage":null,"delivery_state":null,"delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":null,"date_basis":"period-only","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"official","source_url":"https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/factsheets/2024/charting-green-growth-for-data-centres-in-sg","source_publisher":"IMDA","source_published":"2024-05-30","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"\"Over 1.4 gigawatts\", basis not stated.","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"indicator","normalised":{"value":1400,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"MW"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Country or regional indicator. Shown on its own, never summed with project records.","display_value":"at least 1.4 GW"},{"claim_id":"singapore--dc-cfa2-provisional-allocation-2","record_id":"singapore","record_type":"country","metric":"dc-cfa2-provisional-allocation","label":"DC-CFA2 provisional allocation","metric_class":"other","metric_type":"unclear","value_kind":"exact","value":200,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"MW","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":null,"scope":"national","geography":"Singapore","period":"2026-08","asset_id":null,"claim_stage":null,"delivery_state":null,"delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":null,"date_basis":"period-only","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"official","source_url":"https://www.edb.gov.sg/en/about-edb/media-releases-publications/four-data-centre-proposals-selected-as-part-of-second-data-centre.html","source_publisher":"EDB","source_published":"2026-08-21","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"Four operators, 50 MW each.","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"indicator","normalised":{"value":200,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"MW"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Country or regional indicator. Shown on its own, never summed with project records.","display_value":"200 MW"}],"dates":{"published":"2026-08-21","effective":null,"event":null,"expected_operation":null,"last_checked":"2026-10-18","next_review":"2027-01-17","review_cadence_days":91},"url":"https://coolpowerindex.com/markets/singapore/"},{"id":"united-kingdom","status":"published","name":"United Kingdom","iso2":"GB","macro_region_id":"europe","summary":"The UK is Europe's largest colocation market by the government's own estimate, heavily concentrated in London. DSIT estimated about 1.6 GW of maximum rated IT load in colocation data centres in Great Britain in autumn 2024, with 1,048 MW in London. Data centres were added to the NSIP regime in England from January 2026, Ofgem is consulting on connection reforms after demand applications surged, and grid timing is now the main constraint, as the Loughton case shows.","overview":"Colocation capacity is concentrated in London and the South East, with Wales the next largest region in the DSIT estimate. Planning, energy and digital policy is split: NSIP rules apply to England, while grid regulation by Ofgem covers Great Britain and Northern Ireland has its own system.","why_it_matters":"Large AI and cloud projects are being announced faster than the grid can connect them. Connection dates, not land or planning, increasingly decide which UK projects get built.","grid_context":"Ofgem reported demand connection applications rising from 41 GW to 125 GW in under a year to mid 2025, driven largely by data centres, and proposed a refundable commitment fee to filter speculative projects (consultation closed 16 September 2026). The Guardian reported UK Power Networks may not supply the Loughton site until the early to mid 2030s.","water_heat_planning":"Since 8 January 2026 large data centres in England can opt into the NSIP development consent route (SI 2026/13). AI Growth Zones offer planning and energy support for selected sites. No national heat reuse obligation equivalent to Germany's EnEfG applies.","coverage_note":"DSIT figure covers colocation only and excludes enterprise and most hyperscale self-build. It is a modelled estimate, not a census. CoolPower project coverage is partial.","metros":[{"id":"london","name":"London and the South East","boundary_note":"DSIT reports London (ITL1) separately from the South East. Projects in Hertfordshire and Essex are mapped to the London metro for display."}],"indicators":[{"name":"Colocation IT capacity (maximum rated IT load), Great Britain","value":1.6,"unit":"GW","geography":"Great Britain","period":"autumn 2024","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/estimate-of-data-centre-capacity-great-britain-2024/estimate-of-data-centre-capacity-great-britain-2024","note":"Modelled estimate, colocation only, excludes enterprise data centres."},{"name":"Colocation IT capacity, London (ITL1)","value":1048,"unit":"MW","geography":"London","period":"autumn 2024","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/estimate-of-data-centre-capacity-great-britain-2024/estimate-of-data-centre-capacity-great-britain-2024","note":"Same DSIT estimate."},{"name":"Demand connection applications in GB queue","value":125,"unit":"GW","geography":"Great Britain","period":"mid 2025","source_url":"https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/press-release/ofgem-acts-free-grid-capacity-tackling-speculative-data-centre-projects","note":"Up from 41 GW in under a year, all demand types, largely data centres."}],"metric_claims":[{"value":1.6,"unit":"GW","original_wording":"Total IT power: 1.6 gigawatts","metric_class":"it-power","stage":"operating","scope":"country","as_of":"2024","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/estimate-of-data-centre-capacity-great-britain-2024/estimate-of-data-centre-capacity-great-britain-2024","claim_type":"estimated","aggregation_eligible":false,"basis":"Total IT power: 1.6 gigawatts","reviewer":"CoolPower Index research (automated, sourced)","last_checked":"2026-10-18","conflict_status":"none","methodology":"DSIT internal dataset from TeleGeography, press releases and industry engagement, with modelled MW from rack density and floor area. Colocation only."}],"sources":[{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/estimate-of-data-centre-capacity-great-britain-2024/estimate-of-data-centre-capacity-great-britain-2024","title":"Estimate of data centre capacity: Great Britain 2024","publisher":"Department for Science, Innovation and Technology","date_published":"2025-03-11","date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"government"},{"url":"https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/press-release/ofgem-acts-free-grid-capacity-tackling-speculative-data-centre-projects","title":"Ofgem acts to free up grid capacity by tackling speculative data centre projects","publisher":"Ofgem","date_published":"2026-07-29","date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"regulator"},{"url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2026/13/made","title":"The Infrastructure Planning (Business or Commercial Projects) (Amendment) Regulations 2026 (SI 2026/13)","publisher":"legislation.gov.uk","date_published":"2026-01","date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"legislation"}],"type":"country","project_ids":["uk-google-waltham-cross","uk-nscale-loughton","uk-qts-cambois-campus","uk-qts-cambois-phase-1"],"cloud_region_ids":["aws-eu-west-2","azure-uksouth","azure-ukwest","gcp-europe-west2","oci-uk-cardiff-1","oci-uk-london-1"],"policy_ids":["gb-ofgem-data-centre-connection-reforms-curate","uk-ai-growth-zones","uk-si-2026-13-data-centres-nsip"],"operator_ids":["aws","coreweave","digital-realty","equinix","google","microsoft","oracle","vantage"],"technology_ids":[],"supplier_ids":[],"resource_ids":[],"metro_ids":["london"],"country_ids":["united-kingdom"],"provenance":{"indicators":{"source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/estimate-of-data-centre-capacity-great-britain-2024/estimate-of-data-centre-capacity-great-britain-2024","as_of":"2026-10-18","basis":"official statistics and government sources as cited per indicator","checked":"2026-10-18"}},"last_checked":"2026-10-18","reviewer":"CoolPower Index research (automated, sourced)","claims":[{"claim_id":"united-kingdom--it-power-1","record_id":"united-kingdom","record_type":"country","metric":"it-power","label":null,"metric_class":"it-power","metric_type":"power","value_kind":"exact","value":1.6,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"GW","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":"Total IT power: 1.6 gigawatts","scope":"country","geography":null,"period":null,"asset_id":null,"claim_stage":"operating","delivery_state":"operating","delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":"2024","date_basis":"stated","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"modelled","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/estimate-of-data-centre-capacity-great-britain-2024/estimate-of-data-centre-capacity-great-britain-2024","source_publisher":"Department for Science, Innovation and Technology","source_published":"2025-03-11","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"Total IT power: 1.6 gigawatts","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"estimated","conflict_status":"none","kind":"metric","normalised":{"value":1600,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"MW"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Not a project record. Company and leased totals are never summed (avoids double counting).","display_value":"1.6 GW"},{"claim_id":"united-kingdom--colocation-it-capacity-maximum-rated-it-1","record_id":"united-kingdom","record_type":"country","metric":"colocation-it-capacity-maximum-rated-it-","label":"Colocation IT capacity (maximum rated IT load), Great Britain","metric_class":"it-power","metric_type":"power","value_kind":"exact","value":1.6,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"GW","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":null,"scope":"national","geography":"Great Britain","period":"autumn 2024","asset_id":null,"claim_stage":null,"delivery_state":null,"delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":null,"date_basis":"period-only","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"modelled","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/estimate-of-data-centre-capacity-great-britain-2024/estimate-of-data-centre-capacity-great-britain-2024","source_publisher":"Department for Science, Innovation and Technology","source_published":"2025-03-11","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"Modelled estimate, colocation only, excludes enterprise data centres.","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"indicator","normalised":{"value":1600,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"MW"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Country or regional indicator. Shown on its own, never summed with project records.","display_value":"1.6 GW"},{"claim_id":"united-kingdom--colocation-it-capacity-london-itl1-2","record_id":"united-kingdom","record_type":"country","metric":"colocation-it-capacity-london-itl1","label":"Colocation IT capacity, London (ITL1)","metric_class":"it-power","metric_type":"power","value_kind":"exact","value":1048,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"MW","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":null,"scope":"national","geography":"London","period":"autumn 2024","asset_id":null,"claim_stage":null,"delivery_state":null,"delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":null,"date_basis":"period-only","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"modelled","source_url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/estimate-of-data-centre-capacity-great-britain-2024/estimate-of-data-centre-capacity-great-britain-2024","source_publisher":"Department for Science, Innovation and Technology","source_published":"2025-03-11","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"Same DSIT estimate.","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"indicator","normalised":{"value":1048,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"MW"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Country or regional indicator. Shown on its own, never summed with project records.","display_value":"1,048 MW"},{"claim_id":"united-kingdom--demand-connection-applications-in-gb-que-3","record_id":"united-kingdom","record_type":"country","metric":"demand-connection-applications-in-gb-que","label":"Demand connection applications in GB queue","metric_class":"grid-connection","metric_type":"power","value_kind":"exact","value":125,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"GW","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":null,"scope":"national","geography":"Great Britain","period":"mid 2025","asset_id":null,"claim_stage":null,"delivery_state":null,"delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":null,"date_basis":"period-only","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"official","source_url":"https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/press-release/ofgem-acts-free-grid-capacity-tackling-speculative-data-centre-projects","source_publisher":"Ofgem","source_published":"2026-07-29","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"Up from 41 GW in under a year, all demand types, largely data centres.","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"indicator","normalised":{"value":125000,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"MW"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Country or regional indicator. Shown on its own, never summed with project records.","display_value":"125 GW"}],"dates":{"published":"2026-07-29","effective":null,"event":null,"expected_operation":null,"last_checked":"2026-10-18","next_review":"2027-01-17","review_cadence_days":91},"url":"https://coolpowerindex.com/markets/united-kingdom/"},{"id":"united-states","status":"published","name":"United States","iso2":"US","macro_region_id":"americas","summary":"The US is the largest data centre market and the centre of AI campus construction. A Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory report for DOE found data centres used about 176 TWh in 2023, 4.4% of US electricity, and could reach 325 to 580 TWh, or 6.7% to 12%, by 2028. Tracked projects include Microsoft's Fairwater campus in Wisconsin, Meta's 5 GW Richland Parish site and the 1.2 GW Abilene campus in Texas.","overview":"Capacity is spread across many metros, with Northern Virginia the largest cluster and new gigawatt-scale AI campuses in Texas, Louisiana, Wisconsin and elsewhere. All four tracked hyperscalers have many regions.","why_it_matters":"Grid interconnection, on-site generation and liquid cooling choices at US AI campuses set the pace for equipment demand globally.","grid_context":"Federal regulators are examining large-load interconnection. Projects increasingly pair grid connections with on-site batteries, solar and gas turbines, as at Abilene.","water_heat_planning":"Water and permitting rules are state and local. Microsoft and Crusoe report closed-loop liquid cooling designs that avoid evaporative water use.","coverage_note":"LBNL figures are modelled national estimates. CoolPower tracks a small sample of US projects.","metros":[{"id":"northern-virginia","name":"Northern Virginia","boundary_note":"Loudoun, Prince William and Fairfax counties. Not yet populated with projects."}],"indicators":[{"name":"Data centre electricity consumption","value":176,"unit":"TWh","geography":"United States","period":"2023","source_url":"https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers","note":"About 4.4% of total US electricity."},{"name":"Projected data centre electricity consumption (range)","value":null,"unit":"TWh","geography":"United States","period":"2028","source_url":"https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers","note":"Range of 325 to 580 TWh, 6.7% to 12% of US electricity. Projection.","value_min":325,"value_max":580,"value_kind":"range"}],"sources":[{"url":"https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers","title":"DOE releases new report evaluating increase in electricity demand from data centers","publisher":"US Department of Energy","date_published":"2024-12-20","date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"government"},{"url":"https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/2024-12/lbnl-2024-united-states-data-center-energy-usage-report_1.pdf","title":"2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report","publisher":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","date_published":"2024-12","date_accessed":"2026-10-18","authority_type":"research"}],"type":"country","project_ids":["us-abilene-lancium-clean-campus","us-abilene-phase-1","us-meta-richland-parish-hyperion","us-microsoft-fairwater-1","us-microsoft-fairwater-2","us-microsoft-mount-pleasant-campus"],"cloud_region_ids":["aws-us-east-1","aws-us-east-2","aws-us-gov-east-1","aws-us-gov-west-1","aws-us-west-1","aws-us-west-2","azure-centralus","azure-eastus","azure-eastus2","azure-northcentralus","azure-southcentralus","azure-westcentralus","azure-westus","azure-westus2","azure-westus3","gcp-us-central1","gcp-us-east1","gcp-us-east4","gcp-us-east5","gcp-us-south1","gcp-us-west1","gcp-us-west2","gcp-us-west3","gcp-us-west4","oci-us-ashburn-1","oci-us-chicago-1","oci-us-phoenix-1","oci-us-sanjose-1"],"policy_ids":[],"operator_ids":["aws","coreweave","digital-realty","equinix","google","meta","microsoft","oracle","vantage"],"technology_ids":["direct-liquid-cooling","heat-rejection"],"supplier_ids":[],"resource_ids":[],"metro_ids":["northern-virginia"],"country_ids":["united-states"],"provenance":{"indicators":{"source_url":"https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers","as_of":"2026-10-18","basis":"official statistics and government sources as cited per indicator","checked":"2026-10-18"}},"last_checked":"2026-10-18","reviewer":"CoolPower Index research (automated, sourced)","metric_claims":[],"revisions":[{"id":"corr-2026-10-18-us-2028-range","date":"2026-10-18","summary":"The DOE projection for 2028 is a range, 325 to 580 TWh. It is now stored and shown as a range instead of not disclosed.","before":"Value shown as not disclosed with the range only in the note.","source_url":"https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers","source_date":null}],"claims":[{"claim_id":"united-states--data-centre-electricity-consumption-1","record_id":"united-states","record_type":"country","metric":"data-centre-electricity-consumption","label":"Data centre electricity consumption","metric_class":"energy-use","metric_type":"energy","value_kind":"exact","value":176,"value_min":null,"value_max":null,"unit":"TWh","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":null,"scope":"national","geography":"United States","period":"2023","asset_id":null,"claim_stage":null,"delivery_state":null,"delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":null,"date_basis":"period-only","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"official","source_url":"https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers","source_publisher":"US Department of Energy","source_published":"2024-12-20","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"About 4.4% of total US electricity.","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"indicator","normalised":{"value":176000,"min":null,"max":null,"unit":"GWh"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Country or regional indicator. Shown on its own, never summed with project records.","display_value":"176 TWh"},{"claim_id":"united-states--projected-data-centre-electricity-consum-2","record_id":"united-states","record_type":"country","metric":"projected-data-centre-electricity-consum","label":"Projected data centre electricity consumption (range)","metric_class":"energy-use","metric_type":"energy","value_kind":"range","value":null,"value_min":325,"value_max":580,"unit":"TWh","unit_label":null,"scale_word":null,"multiplier":1,"currency":null,"original_wording":null,"scope":"national","geography":"United States","period":"2028","asset_id":null,"claim_stage":null,"delivery_state":null,"delivery_evidence":null,"claim_date":null,"date_basis":"period-only","observed_on":"2026-10-18","qualification":"modelled","source_url":"https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers","source_publisher":"US Department of Energy","source_published":"2024-12-20","last_checked":"2026-10-18","interpretation":"Range of 325 to 580 TWh, 6.7% to 12% of US electricity. Projection.","components":[],"component_of":null,"source_aggregation_eligible":false,"claim_type":"reported","conflict_status":"none","kind":"indicator","normalised":{"value":null,"min":325000,"max":580000,"unit":"GWh"},"rollup_class":null,"rollup_eligible":false,"exclusion_reason":"Country or regional indicator. Shown on its own, never summed with project records.","display_value":"325 to 580 TWh"}],"dates":{"published":"2024-12-20","effective":null,"event":null,"expected_operation":null,"last_checked":"2026-10-18","next_review":"2027-01-17","review_cadence_days":91},"url":"https://coolpowerindex.com/markets/united-states/"}]}